Directory:Peter Z/Reference Page

References List

• Titoism and Totalitarianism: Dictionary Of Pol. Science by Yadav, Nanda & T.R
• Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy by Carl Joachim Friedrich & Zbigniew Brzezinski:

"Characteristics of a totalitarian regime; a total ideology, a single mass party, a terrorist secret police, a monopoly of mass communication, all instruments to wage combat are in the control of the same hands, and a centrally directed planned economy. Totalitarian dictatorships emerge after the seizure of power by the leaders of a movement who have developed support for an ideology. The point when the government becomes totalitarian is when the leadership uses open and legal violence to maintain its control. The dictator demands unanimous devotion from the people and often uses a real or imaginary enemy to create a threat so the people rally around him."

• Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948 by Fred Warner Neal. Second chapter/page 214:

"In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by Aleksandar Rankovic, himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA"

• A single party, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and its leader 'Josip Broz Tito', ruled the country.
• Encyclopaedia Britannica:

"He knew that the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and others could not be integrated within some new supranation, nor would they willingly accept the hegemony of any of their number; yet his supranational Yugoslavism frequently smacked of unitarism. He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grace to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the state treasury was empty and political opportunists unchecked. He died too late for constructive change, too early to prevent chaos."

• BBC-History by Tim Judah:

"Tito's Yugoslavia also gained enormous prestige as a founder of the non-aligned movement, which aimed to find a place in world politics for countries that did not want to stand foursquare behind either of the two superpowers. Despite all this, and although there was much substance to Tito's Yugoslavia, much was illusion too. The economy was built on the shaky foundations of massive western loans. Even liberal communism had its limits, as did the very nature of the federation. Stirrings of nationalist dissent in Croatia and Kosovo were crushed. The federation worked because in reality the voice of only one man counted - that of Tito himself.

(Tim Judah is a front line reporter for The Economist and author. A graduate of the London School of Economics and of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University he worked for the BBC before becoming the Balkans correspondent for The Times and The Economist. Judah is also the author of the prize-winning The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, published in 1997 by Yale University Press.)

• Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences by Christopher Bennett.

"Tito was careful to keep a tight rein over home media, through which he chosen image of father to all Yugoslavs. But foreign commentators were also prone to optimistic assessments both of the man and of his state. "

(A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists.)

• History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe by Marcel Cornis-Pope & John Neubauer:UDBA (page 126)
• Australia's Four Corners: UDBA activities in Australia from the 1960's- The Framed Croatian Six in Australia.
• Croatians in Australia: Pioneers, Settlers and Their Descendants by Ilija Sutalo. The Framed Croatian Six in Australia
• The Florida State University study on three of the 20th century's bloodiest rulers by historian Robert Gellately: Soviet Police-NKVD and the Soviet Communist Party.