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| − | {{Infobox Airliner accident|name=Delta Air Lines Flight 191|
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| − | Date=[[August 2]], [[1985]]|
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| − | Type=[[Microburst]]-induced Wind shear|
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| − | Site=[[Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport]], [[Texas]]|
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| − | Fatalities=135 (1 on the ground)|
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| − | Injuries=27|
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| − | Aircraft Type=Lockheed L-1011-385-1 TriStar|
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| − | Origin=[[Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport]]|
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| − | Stopover=[[Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport]]|
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| − | Destination=[[Los Angeles International Airport]]|
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| − | Operator=Delta Air Lines|
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| − | Tail Number={{airreg|N|726DA|disaster}}|
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| − | Passengers=152|
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| − | Crew=11|
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| − | Survivors =29|
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| − | }}
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| − | '''Delta Air Lines Flight 191''' was an [[airline]] service from [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]'s [[Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport]], bound for [[Los Angeles International Airport]] in [[Los Angeles, California]], by way of [[Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport]]. On the afternoon of [[August 2]], [[1985]], [[Delta Air Lines]] flight 191 crashed while on approach to the [[Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport]], killing 8 of 11 crew members and 126 of the 152 passengers on board and one person on the ground: a total of 135 deaths. This accident is one of the few commercial air crashes in which the meteorological phenomenon known as [[microburst]]-induced [[wind shear]] was a direct contributing factor.
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| − | ==Aircraft==
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| − | The airplane used on that day was {{airreg|N|726DA|disaster}}, a [[Lockheed L-1011|Lockheed L-1011-385-1 TriStar]], a workhorse in [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]]'s fleet at the time. The flight was piloted by Captain Edward Conners, First Officer Rudolph Price and Second Officer Nick Nassick.
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| − | ==Crash==
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| − | [[Image:Delta191InjuryDeathMap.JPG|thumb|[[NTSB]] map indicating locations of passengers according to lack of injury, types of injuries, and deaths]]
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| − | As the aircraft flew over [[Louisiana]], a [[thunderstorm]] formed directly in its path. The aircraft began its descent procedures over Louisiana, heading over the planned descent route. Captain Conners then recognized the forming thunderstorm and took action to change the plane's heading to avoid the turbulent weather.
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| − | At Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, weather was also poor and an Isolated thunderstorm developed near DFW. The Captain and copilot noticed the isolated storm ahead, but decided to proceed through it anyway which resulted in the aircraft getting caught up in a microburst.
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| − | At about 1500 feet above ground level (460 m), First Officer Price reported seeing lightning in one of the clouds ahead.
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| − | At 800 feet (240 m) above ground level, the aircraft airspeed accelerated without crew intervention. Although it was supposed to land at 149 [[knot (speed)|knots]] [[Indicated airspeed|IAS]] (276 km/h), it accelerated instead to 173 knots IAS (320 km/h). Price tried to stabilize the aircraft's speed, but Conners had recognized the aircraft's speed increase as a sign of [[wind shear]], and he warned Price to watch the speed. Suddenly, the airspeed dropped from 173 to 133 knots IAS (320 to 246 km/h), and Price pushed the throttles forward, giving temporary lift. The airspeed then suddenly dropped to 119 knots IAS (220 km/h); on the [[cockpit voice recorder|cockpit voice recording]] Conners can be heard saying "Hang on to the son of a bitch!"
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| − | When Price tried to avoid a stall by pushing the nose down, the aircraft's vertical speed increased to 1,700 ft/min (520 m/min) before it came into contact with the ground.
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| − | Delta Flight 191 first impacted the ground on a field about 6,300 feet north of the approach end of runway 17L and bounced back into the air, then, while crossing [[State Highway 114 (Texas)|State Highway 114]], it came down again on top of a vehicle, killing its occupant. The aircraft skidded onto the airfield, collided with two 4-million US gallon (15,000 m³) water tanks at a speed of 220 knots, and exploded into flames. Most of the survivors of Flight 191 were located in the rear section of the aircraft which broke free from the main fuselage before the aircraft hit the water tanks.
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| − | Most of the survivors sat in the [[smoking]] section. One crash fatality gave birth to a child who later died. Authorities took most of the survivors to [[Parkland Memorial Hospital]].<ref>""Like a Wall of Napalm." ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]''. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1050423,00.html?iid=sphere-inline-bottom 1].</ref>
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| − | ==Investigation==
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| − | After a lengthy investigation, the [[National Transportation Safety Board]] deemed the cause of the crash to be attributable to pilot error, combined with extreme weather phenomena associated with microburst-induced wind shear.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001214X37434|publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|accessdate=2006-08-27|date=|title=Probable Cause of Delta Air Lines Flight 191 Crash}}</ref>
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| − | The crash of Delta Flight 191 was later the subject of a [[television movie]] called ''[[Fire and Rain (film)|Fire and Rain]]''.
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| − | The crash of Delta Flight 191 was also shown on an episode of When Weather Changed History on [[The Weather Channel]].
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| − | The crash of Delta Flight 191 was also shown on an episode of ''Air Crash Investigation'' on [[National Geographic]].
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| − | == Passengers ==
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| − | * [[Philip Don Estridge|Don Estridge]], known to the world as the father of the [[IBM PC]], was killed aboard this flight along with much of the [[IBM]] executive team responsible for that project. The loss arguably put IBM at a competitive disadvantage against competitors such as [[Compaq]]. Since that accident, IBM's corporate travel policy has prohibited more than two company executives travelling on the same commercial airline flight{{Fact|date=September 2007}}.
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| − | * Russ Kerr and William Pugh, both high-level managers with the Chevron Corporation, also died in the crash
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | * [[Microburst#Danger to aircraft|Microburst]]
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| − | * [[Lists of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners]]
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| − | * [[Air safety]]
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| − | * [[American Airlines Flight 191]], an accident on [[Chicago]] in [[1979]] that killed 273 people, had the same flight number.
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| − | * [[Pan Am Flight 759]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | <div class="references-small"><references /></div>
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | * [http://www.airdisaster.com/cvr/dl191tr.shtml Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript]
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| − | * [http://www.airdisaster.com/photos/dl191/photo.shtml Accident photos]
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| − | * [http://www.airdisaster.com/special/special-dl191.shtml AirDisaster.com Special Report]
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| − | * [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?front=yes&s=1&keywords=N726DA Pre-accident photos from Airliners.net]
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| − | * [http://www.riotacts.com/fire/flt191.html DFW Delta Flight 191 - Essay from Mica Calfee, a fireman at the scene of the crash]
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| − | * [http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/1986/AAR8605.htm NTSB executive summary report]
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| − | * [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1050423,00.html?iid=sphere-inline-bottom "Like a Wall of Napalm"]
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| − | * [http://podcasts.zaxis.com/pac/delta-191 Advertisement for animations used in court]
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| − | * {{YouTube|Rx6mjyKuXdg|Delta Flight 191 Approach and Crash - Aug 2 1985}}
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| − | *[http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1988_567235 The crash of Flight 1141/Crash resurrects memories of 1985]
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| − | *[http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/1985-8/1985-08-03-CBS-2.html Vanderbilt University Television archive]
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| − | {{coor title dms|32|55|06|N|97|01|25|W|region:US-TX_type:landmark}}
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| − | [[Category:Accidents and incidents on commercial airliners in the United States]]
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| − | [[Category:Airliner crashes caused by microburst]]
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| − | [[Category:1985 meteorology]]
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| − | [[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1985]]
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| − | [[Category:1985 in the United States]]
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| − | [[Category:Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex]]
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| − | [[Category:Delta Air Lines flights]]
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| − | [[Category:Disasters in Texas]]
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