Adoption

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Who Are Adopting Children?

There is a lot to wonder about adoption. You will want to take a lot in mind when it comes to adoption. You will find that all kinds of people will consider adoption, but adoption is also a wonderful way for you to build a family.

There are many people who have their children through adoption. A majority of those are couples who want to have children but for whatever reason can’t get pregnant with their own children. There are a lot of couples who will adopt because one or both of the partners have problems with their reproductive system.

However, some couples also choose to adopt because there are genetic things in themselves that they don’t want to pass on to others. Genetics is something that brings a lot of concern when it comes to conception of a child. Genes are often the reason why a child is born with a disease or disability, and to avoid such things, people will adopt.

There are also instances of single people who want to adopt children. Many single parents were divorced or windowed, but still would like to have the opportunity to be a parent. Many times these people have always wanted children but don’t want to have biological children, so in order to make a family they turn to adoption.

Also, couples that are not married and homosexual couples are also prominent in adopting fields. Many people will try to become parents in any way and every that they can by trying to avoid a foreign baby or child. For these couples, it is simply a matter of wanting to be a parent and not being able to on their own. For them, and for many others, adopting is the best option so that they can be parents and continue to live the lives that they have always wanted to live.

Use the many resources that you will find when it comes to considering adoption. You will find a lot of information about adopting so you can make a good choice about wanting to have a family. Adopting is an option that many people will chose and they will find it fulfilling.

Talking With Your Children about Their Adoption

You are going to have the most wonderful time when you are able to go through the adoption process and have adopted a child. There is no difference between the children that you are going to adopt and the child that you have. You should be able to have the same life that you would have with your adopted children as you would with your own.

However, it will be that you will need to make a decision regarding whether or not you are going to tell your child they are adopted. This is a big decision, however, you should have made this decision before you signed the papers. There are several schools of thought, and there are reasons to believe each one.

You may decide that you will want to have the adoption a part of your child’s life by explaining to them that they were adopted. There are many studies that say that this is the best thing that you can do for your child because it is the best way to make sure that they are having good development and will continue to be happy throughout their lives. You may end up making the process of the adoption about of their life by telling them that you chose them and that you got to have them because you loved them from the start. However, you shouldn’t make it into too big of a deal, or the child might feel that they aren’t as good as regular children.

Some people think that the child should be older when you tell them that they are adopted. Their reasoning is that this way the child will have as normal of a life as possible, and they will feel that they are just the same as children that are not adopted. This way things won’t seem so awkward and that they will understand that you wanted them and that you loved them all that time This might be a good idea for some, but there is a danger that your child will feel that you have lied to them their entire lives, and will be angry at you for this when you decide to tell them.

If you feel like an open adoption is something that you may want to do, you will find that may not have the option, but it is something to research. You will find that many people believe that a child who is loved by many people is better than a few people since it takes a community to raise a child and help them to become a well adjusted and happy adult.

Rules and Laws When Adopting Step Children

When you are in a relationship with someone, you may end up making a decision that will change the legal custody over the children. If you happen to decide that you will want to adopt the children, then you will want to take the following inconsideration before you begin the process.

First, you should know that the rules of adoption vary from state to state. Before making any decisions in the adoption, you will want to do your research and check all of the state laws pertaining to adopting of a partner’s children. Secondly, you need to know that in most states you cannot adopt a child unless both of that child’s parents agree to it. Meaning, that the child that you would like to adopt, has to be available for adoption under the local laws. Your partner must declare that they want you to be the other parent to their child. Also, the other parent of that child must also agree to this. If the other parent of your partner’s child is dead, you can legally adopt that child as long as your partner agrees to it. If the other parent is alive, you will want to make sure that they give up all their custody rights.

After all of the consideration, if you decide that you would like to adopt the children, then there are several things that you should do. First, you are going to want to act like the child’s parent. Remember, if your partner and you end up breaking up, you still have to take responsibility of the child. That also includes if your partner dies, then you will end up with the custody of the child. You will want to make sure that you do what is best for the child and the best for you. Also, you will want to take the child’s feelings into consideration. You will want to make sure that if they have a parent that has died; you may end up getting spiteful actions from the child if you adopt them too quickly. They might feel like you are trying to replace their parent. You should always make sure that the adoption is for the best interest of the child and everyone else who is involved and that you are going what everyone would like you to do.

Discussing Adoption of Step Children

For those who end up getting involved in a marriage with someone who already has a few children, you will notice that there are going to be step children involved in your daily life. They may not be your legal children, but they are still the reasonability of your partner. You may share in the handling of the children, but you may want to develop a relationship with them. You will want t make sure that you aren’t legally in control of the children’s lives.

When it comes to your step children, you don’t have a lot of control over what they do and what they become. If you happen to have a partner that agrees with the way that you raise their children, then you will find that the fact that you aren’t legally their guardian, may not matter.

Also, you may not think about adopting the children if they already have a parent in their life that will protest the adoption. If this is the case, adopting that child is not a good idea because you probably wouldn’t be able to do so, and you wouldn’t want to intrude on the different relationships with their parents that your step children already have.

Then again, you may end up finding yourself wanting to adopt the children. If your partner wants you to adopt their children, and if these children don’t have another parent that is legally responsible for them, you might want to consider adopting the children.

The way that it works is if you are able to find the other parent to give up their rights over the child. If the other parent is deceased or willing to give up rights to the child, you might have a good shot at adopting a child. If the children are older, you will want to make sure that the children are happy with you adopting them and allow the children to take part of the process so that they are happy. This is part of the key to a happy family life.

Keep in mind that adoption is forever, you will find that if you get a divorce, you are still going to be responsible for the child. You will want to be sure that this is something that you really want to do before you sign all of the paperwork.

Adoptions Can Go Wrong and What You Should Do

Even though there are many things that you might become concerned about adopting, you will want to make sure that you understand everything that could go wrong.

One of the most commonly things to go wrong is that you didn’t complete all the paperwork that is necessary for you to adopt. You will find that this is going to be consuming and annoying and that you just don’t take the time to do correctly. If you haven’t finished these things correctly, you are going to run into problems when you begin the adoption process. This is why you should take your time to fill out all of the paperwork and information correctly.

Also, the birth mother, at last minute, can try and get their child back. If you haven’t signed the forms, or if you haven’t completed the waiting periods, it is always a realistic fear that the birth mother is going to change her mind and that she will want to keep the baby for herself, or go with another person to adopt her child. If this happens to you, there is nothing you can do about it. However, you shouldn’t allow this to stop you from adopting, because it can be normal part of the process. When this happens to a couple or parent trying to adopt, you are put back into the potential adoptive parent pool.

However, you may end up at the bottom of the list and others will adopt before you. In some agencies, you are then given first priority when a new baby becomes available.

A lot of people feel very low when they are placed on the waiting list, because it can feel like you are put on waiting list forever. You will also find that the waiting is long because the agency is trying to match the children with the best homes possible. However, you can avoid the long waiting and try to adopt a baby from another country, since you might be able to get a child sooner form the foreign market. It’s a great idea because there are children in need all over the world. You will want to give any child in the world a good home. But, the foreign market can take some time too. You will find that it might be less than adopting from your country, but sometimes it may not, depending on what your requirements of the adoption are and the requirements of the foreign country.

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  • National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect <a href="http://www.ndacan.cornell.edu/">National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect</a> Cornell University's data archive acquires and sells Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System data sets to researchers for secondary analysis.<a href="#hdng0">(More...)</a>

  • Whether the adoption is international versus domestic depends on whether a child is born in another country or born within the United States.<a href="#hdng1">(More...)</a>

  • Each year the United States welcomes more children into homes through intercountry adoption than any other nation.<a href="#hdng2">(More...)</a>

  • Children need a permanent home.<a href="#hdng3">(More...)</a>

  • The Voluntary Adoption Registry assists adoptees, birth parents, biological siblings, and other eligible persons in learning more about an adoption that was finalized in Oregon.<a href="#hdng4">(More...)</a>



<a name="hdng0"></a>National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect <a href="http://www.ndacan.cornell.edu/">National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect</a> Cornell University's data archive acquires and sells Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System data sets to researchers for secondary analysis. Tool to help States consistently interpret Federal guidance when extracting data from their information systems to report placement change data to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS). <a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a>

Traces the evolution of adoptive family structure and discusses current trends in the characteristics of adoptive families using data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System from 1996 to 2003. Discusses the history of adoption in the United States and provides administrative data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System from 1996 to 2003 on the age of children when they are adopted and the time between the termination of parental rights to adoption.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Children in Public Foster Care Waiting to be Adopted: FY 1999 thru FY 2005 <a href="http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/afcars/waiting2005.htm">Children in Public Foster Care Waiting to be Adopted: FY 1999 thru FY 2005</a> Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007) Presents State-level statistics from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> This factsheet presents highlights from the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse's full report on How Many Children Were Adopted in 2000 and 2001? The purpose of this report is to estimate the number of children adopted in each of the States for 2000 and 2001 and to use these numbers to estimate the composition and trends of all adoptions in the United States.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a>

Foster Care Adoption in the United States: An Analysis of Interest in Adoption and a Review of State Recruitment Strategies <a href="http://www.urban.org/publications/411254.html">Foster Care Adoption in the United States: An Analysis of Interest in Adoption and a Review of State Recruitment Strategies</a> Urban Institute (2005) Provides a national look at the state of adoption recruitment by describing: levels of interest in adoption, who takes steps toward adopting, and how interest might be generated for foster care adoption.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> National Data Analysis System <a href="http://ndas.cwla.org">National Data Analysis System</a> Child Welfare League of America Searchable online database that provides access to all States' adoption and child welfare data for the most recent years available.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a>

Mandated by the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, this annual report analyzes the performance of state child welfare agencies on seven child welfare outcomes including the recurrence of child abuse and neglect, permanency planning, placement stability, and the safety of children in foster care.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) offer an opportunity to examine how states use adoption subsidies to help achieve goals of permanency and well-being for children. Of particular interest to this study are patterns of subsidy receipt, the role of federal support for adoption subsidies under Title IV-E, and the relationship between adoption subsidies and adoption outcomes, including.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> These resources provide State, national, and international data and statistics on private, public foster care, and intercountry adoption.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Key findings, presented in How Many Children Were Adopted in 2000 and 2001?-Highlights (http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/s_adoptedhighlights.cfm), include: (1) In 2000 and 2001, about 127,000 children were adopted annually in the United States; (2) Public agency and intercountry adoptions account for more than half of alladoptions; (3) Adoptions through publicly funded child welfare agencies accounted for two-fifths of all adoptions; (4) Intercountry adoptions.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Voluntary placement of children for adoption is relatively rare in the United States. This paper examines some of the more recent statistics and trends regarding the relinquishment of children by birth mothers.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> This factsheet reports statistics about adoption disruption (before finalization of the placement) and dissolution (after legal finalization).<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a>

Adoption subsidies are perhaps the single-most powerful tool by which the child welfare system can encourage adoption and support adoptive families.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a>

Postadoption services Postadoption services Adoption assistance, outcomes of postadoption services, and help for adoptive families, including understanding potential challenges and obtaining birth or adoption records.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Search & reunion Search & reunion Searching for birth relatives, obtaining birth and adoption records, understanding the impact of adoption, and finding support groups.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a>

Supporting birth parents Supporting birth parents Information for birth family members on adoption planning and maintaining connections with children who are adopted.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> National Foster Care & Adoption Directory National Foster Care & Adoption Directory Provides State-by-State contact information for a variety of foster care and adoption-related organizations and services including public and licensed private adoption agencies, support groups, and more.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Foster care adoption Foster care adoption Strategies and programs, recruiting and retaining foster/adoptive families, children waiting for adoption, legal issues and laws, and National Adoption Month.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Preparing & supporting children & youth Preparing & supporting children & youth Preparing and transitioning children and youth into permanent families, maintaining connections, talking about adoption, and school issues.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a>

Types of adoption Types of adoption Domestic adoption, including foster care, kinship, infant, customary, and independent/private adoptions; intercountry adoption; and interjurisdictional placement.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Resources on all aspects of domestic and intercountry adoption, including adoption from foster care.<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a>

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<a name="hdng1"></a>Whether the adoption is international versus domestic depends on whether a child is born in another country or born within the United States. <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/adoption.html" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> Birth parents have a number of reasons for putting children up for adoption. It's usually because they want better lives for their children than they feel they can provide.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/adoption.html" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a>

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<a name="hdng2"></a>Each year the United States welcomes more children into homes through intercountry adoption than any other nation. <a href="http://travel.state.gov/family/adoption/adoption_485.html" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a> The Department of State, Office of Children's Issues plays an active role in the intercountry adoption process.<a href="http://travel.state.gov/family/adoption/adoption_485.html" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a>

Working with U.S. Embassies on diplomatic efforts with host governments about adoption laws and procedures.<a href="http://travel.state.gov/family/adoption/adoption_485.html" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a>

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<a name="hdng3"></a>Children need a permanent home. Some biological parents may make the adoption plan for their child; other children's parental rights have been terminated due to abuse, neglect or the inability of the parents to provide adequate care. <a href="http://www.tennessee.gov/youth/adoption.htm" TARGET="_blank" [5]</a> The purpose of adoption is to place children who have been permanently and legally separated from their birth parents with a new family. It is a social and legal process which gives new parent(s) the same rights and obligations as biological parents.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a> In a non-agency placement, the birth parents or legal guardian(s) consent to the adoption, and parental rights are terminated by entry of the final order of adoption.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a> If the court does consider an investiation nescessary, the agency becomes involved when the adoption petition is filed and the circuit court enters the order of reference. Parental Placement Adoptions: These are governed by Code of Virginia sections 63.2-1230 through 63.2-1240.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a> Agency placements occur when the child is in the custody of a local department of social services or licensed child-placing agency. In this situation, all parental rights are terminated, custody with authority to place for adoption is granted to the agency, and the agency consents to the child's adoption.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a> Although anyone may provide assistance to birth parents in locating a prospective adoptive family and to adoptive parents in locating a child, only birth parents and legal guardians may actually place the child for adoption.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a> Except for licensed or duly authorized child-placing agencies, only birth parents and legal guardians are allowed to place a child for adoption in Virginia.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a>

Stepparent adoptions: A stepparent adoption takes place when the spouse of a birth or adoptive parent is adopting the child. In this situation, consent has been obtained or is not required.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a> Adult Adoptions: An adult adoption is the adoption of any person who is 18 years of age or older at the time that the adoption petition is filed.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a> An investigation will only take place if the court determines it is nescessary before the adoption is finalized.<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a>

In addition to the credit, certain amounts reimbursed by your employer for qualifying adoption expenses may be excludable from your gross income. For both the credit or the exclusion, qualifying expenses include reasonable and necessary adoption fees, court costs, attorney fees, traveling expenses (including amounts spent for meals and lodging while away from home), and other expenses directly related to and for which the principal purpose is the legal adoption of an eligible child.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> The adoption credit or exclusion cannot be taken for a child who is not a United States citizen or resident unless the adoption becomes final. An eligible child is also a child with special needs if he or she is a United States citizen or resident and a state determines that the child cannot or should not be returned to his or her parent's home and probably will not be adopted unless assistance is provided.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> Under the dollar limit the amount of your adoption credit or exclusion is limited to the dollar limit for that year for each effort to adopt an eligible child. If you can take both a credit and an exclusion, this dollar amount applies separately to each.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> If we assume the dollar limit for the year is $10,000 and you paid $9,000 in qualifying adoption expenses for a final adoption, while your employer paid $4,000 of additional qualifying adoption expenses, you may be able to claim a credit of up to $9,000 and also exclude up to $4,000.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> Although the credit generally is allowed for the year following the year in which the expenses are paid, a taxpayer who paid qualifying expenses in the current year for an adoption which became final in the current year, may be eligible to claim the credit on the current year return.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> The dollar limit for a particular year must be reduced by the amount of qualifying expenses taken into account in previous years for the same adoption effort.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> The credit and exclusion for qualifying adoption expenses are each subject to a dollar limit and an income limit.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> To take the credit or exclusion, complete Form 8839 Form 8839 (PDF), Qualified Adoption Expenses, and attach the form to your Form 1040 Form 1040 (PDF) or Form 1040A Form 1040A (PDF).<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> Generally, if you are married, you must file a joint return to take the adoption credit or exclusion.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> The income limit on the adoption credit or exclusion is based on your modified adjusted gross income (modified AGI).<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a>

Under certain circumstances, the amount of your qualified adoption expenses may be increased if you adopted an eligible child with special needs.<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a>

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<a name="hdng4"></a>The Voluntary Adoption Registry assists adoptees, birth parents, biological siblings, and other eligible persons in learning more about an adoption that was finalized in Oregon. <a href="http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/children/adoption/" TARGET="_blank" [8]</a>

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<a name="sources"><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('srcs'); return false;" title="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report.">
SELECTED SOURCES<image src="apx4.jpg" alt="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report."></a>

1. <a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank">Adoption Statistics</a>
<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/statistics/adoption.cfm</a>

2. <a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank">Adoption</a>
<a href="http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.childwelfare.gov/adoption/index.cfm</a>

3. <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/adoption.html" TARGET="_blank">MedlinePlus: Adoption</a>
<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/adoption.html" TARGET="_blank">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/adoption.html</a>

4. <a href="http://travel.state.gov/family/adoption/adoption_485.html" TARGET="_blank">Intercountry Adoption</a>
<a href="http://travel.state.gov/family/adoption/adoption_485.html" TARGET="_blank">http://travel.state.gov/family/adoption/adoption_485.html</a>

5. <a href="http://www.tennessee.gov/youth/adoption.htm" TARGET="_blank">adoption</a>
<a href="http://www.tennessee.gov/youth/adoption.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.tennessee.gov/youth/adoption.htm</a>

6. <a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank">Adoption - Virginia Department of Social Services</a>
<a href="http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.dss.virginia.gov/family/ap/</a>

7. <a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank">Tax Topics - Topic 607 Adoption Credit</a>
<a href="http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html" TARGET="_blank">http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc607.html</a>

8. <a href="http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/children/adoption/" TARGET="_blank">State of Oregon: Adoption Services</a>
<a href="http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/children/adoption/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/children/adoption/</a>

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